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Personal Finance6 min

Understanding Your Paycheck: Taxes and Deductions Explained

Why is your take-home pay less than your salary? Understand taxes and deductions so nothing surprises you.

Gross vs Net Pay

Gross pay is your salary before deductions. Net pay is what you actually take home after taxes and deductions.

Federal Income Tax

Withheld based on your tax bracket and W-4 form. More allowances mean less withholding.

Social Security Tax

Funds retirement and disability benefits. Currently 6.2% of your wages up to a cap.

Medicare Tax

Funds healthcare for seniors. Currently 1.45% of all wages with an additional 0.9% for high earners.

State Income Tax

Varies by state. Some states have no income tax. Check your state's rate.

Health Insurance Premiums

Employer-sponsored health insurance costs are deducted pre-tax, lowering your taxable income.

Retirement Contributions

401k contributions are deducted pre-tax. This lowers your taxable income while saving for retirement.

Other Deductions

Dental, vision, life insurance, FSA/HSA, and commuter benefits may also be deducted.

Year-End Tax Reconciliation

When you file taxes, any over or under withholding is reconciled. You may get a refund or owe more.

Check Your Pay Stub

Review every pay stub for errors. Mistakes in withholding or deductions can be corrected.